UJR 2009, vol XVII, # 4
THE CONTENTS
2009, vol 17, #4, page 430
N.I. Pilipenko, L.L. Stadnyk, Y.M. Skaletskyy, O.A. Fedko
The problems of radiation technologies in the health system of Ukraine
Annotation
Summary: The components which promote potentials of special significance of radiological technologies for modern medical practices are reviewed. Main weak links of Ukrainian radiology (conceptual, technical, personnel) have been revealed and analyzed. The ways to solve the existing problems are discussed.
Key words: medical exposure, cost effectiveness of radiological procedures, risks of medical exposure, radiological protection of the patients, radiological education, radiology in the public health system of Ukraine.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 451
S.V. Fedkiv
The findings of noninvasive cardiovascular diagnosis with multihelical computed tomography
Annotation
Objective: To assess informativity of multihelical computed tomography (MHCT) as a screening noninvasive method at the stages of diagnostic process of coronary artery disease.
Material and Methods: The patients aged 25-82 underwent MHCT, of them 508 with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 109 controls. The findings of MHCT-analysis of the coronary arteries at their atherosclerotic involvement were presented with the use of quantitative assessment of coronary artery calcinosis according to Agatston's technique and noninvasive MHCT-coronagraphy.
Results: Quantitative MHCT-assessment of coronary artery calcinosis with calculation of coronary calcium index (CI) using Agatston's technique was performed. The findings of MHCT-coronarography of the coronary arteries with atherosclerotic changes in them were described. The stateof the coronary vessels depending on the degree of coronary atherosclerosis, CI value and coronary artery stenosis was analyzed.
MHCT-analysis of 53 segments of coronary arteries with stents was performed. The functional state was investigated. MHCT coronarography revealed the signs of restenosis in 2 stented segments and the signs of thrombosis were present in 2 stents. The capabilities of MHCT in revealing the signs of restenosis and thrombosis in the projection of coronary stents were revealed.
MHCT-analysis of 194 shunts (153 aortocoronary and 41 mammarocoronary) in patients after coronary shunting was done. Disorders in the function of 1 mammarocoronary shunt and 11 aortocoronary shunts were revealed in the projection of proximal anastomosis as well as 1 aortocoronary shunt in thedistal anastomosis. Diagnostic capabilities of MHCT shunting in patients with implanted coronary shunts were presented.
Conclusion: MHCT-coronarography is highly informative and as a screening noninvasive technique can be used at the stages of coronary artery disease diagnosis.
Key words: multihelical computed tomography, coronary artery disease, noninvasive MHCT-coronarography, coronary atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcinosis.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 460
I.V. Koshel
The peculiarities of HCT signs at hereditary predisposition to chronic rhinosinusitis
Annotation
Objective: To determine the peculiarities of CT anatomy of the nasal cavity and the signs of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with hereditary predisposition and without it.
Material and Methods: The findings of the investigation of 334 patients with CRS were analyzed in detail. HCT anatomy of the nasal cavity and chronic rhinosinusitis signs were compared in 64 patients with hereditary predisposition and 270 patients without it.
The complex diagnosis included history taking, traditional general clinical and x-ray investigations. All patients were performed endoscopy of the nasal cavity as well as CT study of the nose and sinuses using helical computed tomography unit EMOTION (Siemens) with Sinus-Spi program.
Results: Involvement into the inflammatory process of one or several cavities, distortion of the nasal septum with ridges and thorns are typical for the patients without hereditary predisposition to chronic CRS. In contrast to them, total (71.8%) or subtotal (28.2%) involvement of the nasal sinuses, hyperplastic or hyperplastic purulent sinusitis, medial location of the nasal septum with F-shaped thickening in the medial and posterior portions are characteristic for the patients with hereditary predisposition.
Conclusion: CT anatomy of the nasal cavity and the signs of CRS in patients without hereditary predisposition to this disease were determined and with it.
Key words: chronic rhinosinusitis, helical computed tomography, hereditary predisposition.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 465
R.Yu. Churylin
X-ray varieties of acute lung abscess course
Annotation
Objective: To define the variants of acute lung abscess (ALA) x-ray picture and considering the literaturedata to determine the possibilities of its different ional diagnosis with other diseases.
Material and Methods: Chest x-ray films of 52 patients with lung abscess aged 18-78 were analyzed. Eight patients were performed radiography in 2 projections, liner and computed tomography. All patients underwent dynamic investigation.
Results: In the majority of cases of lung abscess differential diagnosis with a number of diseases is necessary. The following variants of ALA x-ray picture were distinguished: typical - 27 (52 %) persons, atypical: tumor-like - 3 (6%), cyst-like - 4 (8%), pseudotuberculous - 6 (11%), pneumonopleural -12 (23%). The peculiarities of the x-ray picture of each form, their differences and signs allowing the correct diagnosis were described. Based on the above differences, classification of x-ray variants of lung abscess was suggested.
Conclusion: X-ray investigation is the leading method in diagnosis of purulent destructive diseases, especially in therapy correction and determining the indications to surgical treatment. The knowledge of the variants determined in the work can improve the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute lung abscess.
Key words: x-ray diagnosis, lungabscess, x-ray picture variants.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 472
E.B. Radzishevskay, L.Ya. Vasiliev, O.M. Suhina, Ya.E. Vikman, O.O. Solodovnikova
Catamnesis data about some aspects of the course and consequences of ovarian cancer
Annotation
Objective: To analyze retrospectively some aspects of the course and consequences of treatmentof patients with ovarian cancer (OC) vs. the findings of similar investigations in patients with breast cancer (BC) and uterine body cancer (UBC).
Material and Methods: Electronic case histories of the patients aged 18-80 with stage MO OC who were treated at the hospital of Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology (Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine) within the period of 1980-2003 were included in the study. The obtained information was analyzed using non-parametric statistics and survival assessment.
Results: It was revealed that years 5 and 12 after the surgery should be considered critical as for the risk of long-term metastases (LTM) in patients with BC, UBC, and OC. It was proven that in patients with OC, LTM were less frequent at serous papillary cystocarcinoma and at granulosocellular cancer. The idea about the increase of the number of preganacies and deliveries reduces the OCrisk and latemenarche is a risk factor of the disease development was rejected. It was also proven that presence of higher percentage of artificial abortions was typical for patients with OV when compared with the population data and patients with BC and UBC. It was demonstrated that radiation therapy did not influence the incidence of LTM in patients with OC but considerably affected the incidence of the disease relapses reducing it twice. As with the disease relapses, the schemes using platinum derivatives were shown to be moreinfluential.
Conclusion: The use of modern computer methods of mathematical processing the data allows to obtain additional information from the traditional data massifs, namely information about the course of the disease in the case histories. As for the data about OC course, the information from the literature sources about some risk factors of the disease development was checked, the problem of risk factors of LTM as well as time peaks of their development were analyzed.
Key words: ovarian cancer, risk factors, long-term metastases, methods of mathematical processing.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 479
L.I. Grigorieva
Forming internal exposure doses from effluents of 3Н of atomic power plants
Annotation
Objective: To determine the size and reconstruct human exposure doses from 3H, caught with the dumping of SUAPP by the adjacent water system and to determine the parameters for assessment and prognosisof the levels of dose load from 3H dumped from SUAPP.
Material and Methods: The material of the study was the findings of radiometry of 3H in the water samples from the water system adjacent to SUAPP.
Radiometry of 3H was performed using liquid-scintillation method on BETA-2 and Quantulus-1020 units. Effectiveexposure dose was determined using the method of camera models; prognosis was done using the principle of basic radiological characteristics and normalized values.
Results: The effective exposure dose from 3H at its dumping from SUAPP and migrations via different dose-forming targets: via filtration through the underground horizons, via irrigation system, via evaporation from the surface of the cooler pond of SUAPP were determined.
Conclusion: Using the dose value of aH dumping from the atomic power plant it is possible to assess exposure doses of the human being at various level of contamination with 3H of technological water reservoirs of atomic power plants. The most valuable in the units of effective exposure dose is movement of 3H dumped from the atomic power plant via the potable target of migration.
Key words: effective dose, dose value, 3H migration, atomic power plant.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 486
E.M. Mamotyuk, S.V. Rudenko, V.A. Gusakova, I.O. Leonova, O.V. Nenyukova, O.L. Maslennikova
On mechanisms of radioprotective effect of nanodiamonds
Annotation
Objective: To determine in vitro the presence of the process of interaction between erythrocytes and nanodiamonds (ND) and establish possible consequences of this contact.
Material and Methods: Hemolyzing effect of different concentrations of ND of detonation synthesis (UDD), the influence on the parameters of erythrocy te shape (shape index) and processes of aggregation were analyzed spectrophotometrically (SF-26) by means of application of a photometer-aggregometer FA-01 in the expe-rimentonwashed donor blood erythrocytes. Microscopyof theeffects of interaction of ND and red blood cells was done (Axilab microscope with adigital camera).
Results: It was shown that hemolytic effect of the donor blood erythrocytes was not observed within the concentration of ND (0.01-0.04) % . Addition of ND to the suspension of washed erythrocytes changed their discoid shape to spherical one and resulted in formation of aggregates joined with conglomerates of nanodiamonds. The latter can be characteristic for the membranes of different cells and promote radiation protection of epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, which was observed in the previous work.
Conclusion: Nanodiamonds of detonation synthesis are biologically active substance capable of changing the qualities of cells on contact with them. Pronounced phototransformating influence on the cells which does not result in hemolysis, activation of aggregation processes was shown on the model with erythrocytes. The mechanism of the effects is associated with contact interaction and requires further investigation.
Key words: nanodiamonds, interaction with erythrocytes, hemolysis, changes of the shape, aggregation.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 491
E.M. Mamotyuk, O.V. Nenyukova, G.V. Andrievskiy, A.O. Tihomirov
Antiradiation effect of low concentrations of hydrated fullerene solution in experiments on rats
Annotation
Objective: To estimate ant i-tumor efficacy of hyd rated fullerene solution of low concentration in the experiments with rats at acute radiation sickness of various severity.
Material and Methods: Theexperimentswereperformedon 108 white mongrel female rats weighing 145-175 gexposed to x-rays at a dose of 5.0 and 6.0 Gy which were daily administered water solution of hyd rated fullerene (5.0 x 10-5 mg/kg) 5 times before and 10 times after the exposure. The indices of survival, mean life duration of the dead animals and changes in the body mass of the survived and dead animals were determined.
Results: Low concentration hyd rated fullerene solution administered to the organism demonstrated anti-radiation activity reducing death rate and prolonging mean duration of life of the dead rats and did not influence the changes of mean body mass of the survived animals and inhibited its reduction in the dead animals. This can be associated with the important role of triturated water in radiobiological reactions.
Conclusion: Low concentration hydrated fullerene solution administered orally at a daily dose of 5.0 x 10-5 mg/kg 5 times before and 10 times after x-ray exposure at a dose of 5.0 Gy and 6.0 Gy increases survival and mean duration of life of dead animals. In exposed animals administration of hydrated fullerene does not influence the changes in the mean body mass of the animals which survived by day 30 and considerably delays reduction of this parameter in the dead animals. The used integral survival values allow more accurate determining of the regularities in the state of health of the animals.
Key words: fullerene, radiation sickness, radiobiological reaction, structured water.
2009, vol 17, #4, page 497
B.G. Knihavko, N.S. Ponomarenko, O.P. Meshcheryakova, C. Yu. Protasenya
Mathematical model of reproductive death of irradiated eukaryotic cells, which considers saturation of DNA reparation system
Annotation
Objective: To build mathematical models of the processes determining reproductive death of eukaryotic cells at exposure to gamma-or x-rays.
Material and Methods: Mathematical simulation, programming and numerical methods were used in the work.
Results: A mathematical model of the processes determining reproductive death of the exposed cells was built. The model takes into account the phenomenon of saturation of the system of DNA radiation lesion reparation and structural functional peculiarities of chromatin structure in eukaryotes. The problem of assessment of the model parameters using experimental data was discussed. Possible treatment of the obtained findings was analyzed.
Conclusion: Analyticaldependenceof cell survival on exposure dose was obtained. It corresponds well the experimental data and takes into consideration the existing ideas about the essence of processes of reparation of DNA radiation lesions.
Key words: mathematical simulation, DNA radiation lesion reparation, eukaryotic cellsurvival.
Social networks
News and Events
We are proud to announce the annual scientific conference of young scientists with the international participation, dedicated to the Day of Science in Ukraine. The conference will be held on 20th of May, 2016 and hosted by L.T. Malaya National Therapy Institute, NAMS of Ukraine together with Grigoriev Institute for medical Radiology, NAMS of Ukraine. The leading topic of conference is prophylaxis of the non-infectious disease in different branched of medicine.
of the scientific conference with the international participation, dedicated to the Science Day, «CONTRIBUTION OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: NEW PERSPECTIVES»
We are proud to announce the scientific conference of young scientists with the international participation, dedicated to the Science Day in Ukraine that is scheduled to take place May 15, 2014 at the GI “L.T. Malaya National Therapy Institute of the National academy of medical sciences of Ukraine”. The conference program will include the symposium "From nutrition to healthy lifestyle: a view of young scientists" dedicated to the 169th anniversary of the I.I. Mechnikov.
Ukrainian Journal of Radiology and Oncology
Since 1993 the Institute became the founder and publisher of "Ukrainian Journal of Radiology and Oncology”:
Photo ArchiveWatch Archive
S. P. Grigorjev